1.[t][i]挠，搔（痒处）to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching
John yawned and scratched his chin.约翰打个哈欠，挠挠下巴。
The dog scratched itself behind the ear.狗用爪子挠挠耳后。
Try not to scratch.尽量别挠。
She scratched at the insect bites on her arm.她挠了挠胳膊上虫咬的包。
2.[t][i]划破，抓破，划伤，抓伤（皮肤）to cut or damage your skin slightly with sth sharp
I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding.我把腿抓出了血。
Does the cat scratch?这只猫抓人吗？
She scratched herself on a nail.她被钉子划了一下。
3.[t]~ sth（尤指意外地）擦破，划损，刮坏to damage the surface of sth, especially by accident, by making thin shallow marks on it
Be careful not to scratch the furniture.小心别刮坏家具。
The car's paintwork is badly scratched.车的漆面划损得很厉害。
4.[t]~ sth + adv./prep.刮出（或刮去）痕迹；划下（或擦去）痕迹to make or remove a mark, etc. on sth deliberately, by rubbing it with sth hard or sharp
They scratched lines in the dirt to mark out a pitch.他们在泥地上划出一个球场。
We scratched some of the dirt away.我们刮掉了一些脏东西。
You can scratch my name off the list.你可以把我的名字从名单上勾掉。
5.[i](+ adv./prep.)刮（或擦、抓）出刺耳声to make an irritating noise by rubbing sth with sth sharp
His pen scratched away on the paper.他的笔在纸上沙沙地响。
6.[t]~ a living勉强维持生活to make enough money to live on, but with difficulty
7.[t][i]取消；撤销；退出to decide that sth cannot happen or sb/sth cannot take part in sth, before it starts
to scratch a rocket launch取消火箭发射计划
The horse was scratched from the race because of injury.这匹马因伤被取消了比赛资格。
She had scratched because of a knee injury.她因膝伤退出了比赛。
1.[c]（皮肤或物体表面上的）划痕，划伤a mark, a cut or an injury made by scratching sb's skin or the surface of sth
Her hands were covered in scratches from the brambles.她手上布满了荆棘划的口子。
a scratch on the paintwork漆面上的一道划痕
It's only a scratch(= a very slight injury) .不过是轻微的划伤。
He escaped without a scratch(= was not hurt at all) .他毫发未损地逃了出去。
2.[sing]刮（或擦、抓）的刺耳声the unpleasant sound of sth sharp or rough being rubbed against a surface
3.[sing]挠痒；搔痒the act of scratching a part of your body when it itches
Go on, have a good scratch!来吧，好好挠一挠！
I learned German from scratch in six months.我从零学起，六个月学会了德语。
They decided to dismantle the machine and start again from scratch.他们决定拆掉机器，从头再来。
I learned German from scratch in six months.我从零学起，六个月学会了德语。
They decided to dismantle the machine and start again from scratch.他们决定拆掉机器，从头再来。
His work simply isn't up to scratch.他的工作根本达不到要求。
It'll take months to bring the band up to scratch.得几个月工夫才能使乐队像个样子。
His work simply isn't up to scratch.他的工作根本达不到要求。
It'll take months to bring the band up to scratch.得几个月工夫才能使乐队像个样子。
1.仓促拼凑的put together in a hurry using whatever people or materials are available
a scratch team一支仓促组建的队伍
2.无让杆的；无差点的with no handicap
a scratch player参加无让杆比赛的球手
Residents who had refused to go outside before would join him on the front lawn to scratch his ears.
疗养中心那些原来不愿意出来的老人们也开始来到楼前草地搔它的耳朵。
But America is not starting from scratch, and none of the plans in Congress shows an appetite for such a European solution.
但是美国并没有从零开始，国会提出的议案中，没有任何一项有意效仿欧洲的这种解决方法。
Do not use abrasive kitchen cleaners, as they will scratch the surface.
不要使用磨料厨房清洁剂，因为它们将触及表面而伤害到它。
But scratch just below the surface, and you'll see that drug makers are crazy like a fox.
但是透过现象看本质，你会发现制药商像狐狸一样狡猾。
"We are only beginning to scratch the surface, " says Mallet.
马拉特说，“我们现在只是刚开始触及到问题的表面。”
If you were to make many of these convenience foods yourself, from scratch, you would see that they don't really taste anything alike.
如果你自己要用这些方便食品做饭菜，你会发现这些食品从一开始就什么味道都不像。
There were ways to get to 60 votes. The White House just had to scratch it out with a real strategy and a never-let-go attitude.
拿到60票有很多办法。但白宫一定要规划一份真正的策略出来，要有绝不放弃的态度。
But with the help of the palladium techniques, scientists are now able to make it from scratch, enough to start clinical testing.
在钯技术的帮助下，科学家如今可以从头合成，足以开始临床测试。
Furniture scratch repair: Make a paste of coffee grounds and a little water and apply to furniture scratches with a Q-tip.
修补家具上的刮痕：用少许水将咖啡渣制成糨糊状，然后快速地粘在家具的刮痕处。
Exposure to cats may raise a question of cat-scratch fever in a patient who presents with unilateral lymphadenopathy of an extremity.
和猫有过接触肢体单侧淋巴结病的病人可能和猫爪热有关。
For the problem described here, it would be possible to construct a collaboration from scratch or to reuse an existing collaboration.
对这里描述的问题，可能要从头构造一个协作或是重用现有协作。
In this short talk, I can only scratch the surface of the database and its implications.
在这篇短文中，我只能截取数据库的一点皮毛和启示。
Post-graduates are supposed to be expert in their areas of study, rather than to scratch the surface of their fields.
研究生应该精通自己的专业，而不是对其略知皮毛。
We thought we were documenting it for posterity, but there they are, haunting me with an exactness that doesn't even scratch the surface.
我们以为自己是在为子孙保存纪录，但它们只是忠实地记录了我没刮胡子的样子。
As obvious as this should be, it's often helpful to be able to clean up what you've done and start from scratch.
显然，如果能够清除所做的工作，然后重新开始新的工作常常是有益的。
For a plate of fine scratches, can be used to dip in a little dilute sulfuric acid with a soft brush on scratch Office for processing.
差于印版上的划痕，可以用细毛笔蘸极众稀硫酸涂在划痕处办理。
the foreman turned round to hear patiently and , lifting an elbow , began to scratch slowly in the armpit of his alpaca jacket.
工长掉过身来，好耐着性子去倾听。他举起一只胳膊肘，开始慢慢地挠他身上那件羊驼呢夹克的腋窝底下。
Sows are kept in gestation crates the size of their bodies and never able to turn around or even scratch themselves.
母猪被关在和它们身体差不多大小的孕期围栏里不能转身，甚至蹭痒痒。
Pele, perhaps the greatest player ever in the world's most popular sport, is still trying to scratch out a living at the age of 68.
贝利（Pele）也许是足球这一世界上最热门的体育运动史上最伟大的球员，但已经68岁的他仍在辛苦谋生。
The guy dropped a piece of the glass into a bag full of keys and shook it hard; it came out without a scratch on it!
他将这片玻璃扔进一个装满钥匙的袋子里，然后使劲摇晃；当拿出来时，它居然没有一点划痕。
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