positrons

But the lightning flash detected by Fermi appeared to have produced about 100 trillion positrons: "That's a lot, " he said.

不过，费尔米发现的闪电似乎产生了一百万亿正电子，“那可是个天文数字，”他说。

To make cold antihydrogen, the experimenters must slow down the antiprotons to a temperature similar to that of the positrons.

要制作冷的反氢，实验者必须将反质子减缓到与正子相近的温度。

It needed some years of development by the experimenters before the fact of the existence of positrons was established.

确立存在正电子这个事实还需要几年的实验发展。

If the material being tested has no defects in it, the positrons react a little differently.

如果所探测的材料不存在缺陷，正电子则表现得稍有不同。

In the case of a material with a defect, the positrons are trapped at nano-sized defects in the material.

如果材料有缺陷，这些正电子可以捕捉到纳米尺寸的材料缺陷。

Meanwhile, positrons from the decay of a form of radioactive sodium are separately slowed and accumulated.

同时，来自放射性钠一种形式的衰减正电子被慢慢分开且累积起来。

Some antiproton annihilations produce a shower of positrons, which in turn produce 511-keV gamma rays, two of which may be detected.

有些反质子的消灭会放出大量正子，进而产生能量为511keV的γ射线，两者都可以侦测到。

The antiprotons are then pushed into the same trap as the positrons and left to mingle for a second or so.

然后将反质子推入到装有正电子的容器中，用大约一秒钟的时间等待它们混合。

For the positrons, one can think of the end potential as a ramp and the particle as a ball rolling up the ramp.

对正子来说，两端的位能就像是斜坡，粒子就如同滚上斜坡的球。

These positrons then come into contact with electrons in the body, and the two annihilate, releasing two gamma-ray photons.

正电子与人体组织中的电子发生作用而湮灭，产生两个伽玛射线光子。

It has developed better techniques for cooling both positrons and antiprotons, which should allow it to trap more anti-atoms.

该小组已开发出冷却正电子和反质子的改进技术，通过应用这些技术应该能够捕获到更多的反原子。

A chain of reactions, starting with a beam of laser-excited cesium atoms, transfers the positrons to the antiprotons to form antihydrogen.

一连串反应开始于以雷射光激发铯原子束，然后使正子移到反质子旁以形成反氢。

Coaxing hot and bothered antiprotons and positrons to couple is quite a task.

让处于高温与高速运动状态的反质子和正电子进行结合是一桩非常困难的工作。

Some radioactive substances emit positrons, the antiparticles to electrons, and are used in PET (positron-emission tomography) scans.

有些放射性物质会放出正子，它是电子的反粒子，已经应用于正子断层扫描（PET）。

But discovering the creation of positrons "gives us a very, very important clue as to what's happening. "

但是发现正电子的增加“给了我们一个非常非常重要的线索来揭示闪电是如何发生的”。

This is because radioactive nuclear elements are formed in the giant outbursts of energy, and some of these decay by releasing positrons.

这是因为放射性核素在这巨大的爆炸能量中形成，其中一些放射出正电子而衰变。

Positrons moving slowly enough are brought to a halt and turned around on the ramp, keeping them inside the trap.

移动得慢的正子会停下来，然后反向滚下斜坡，留在阱里。

Another hint dates to the early 1970s, when astronomers detected vast numbers of electrons annihilating with positrons.

另一个迹象则要回溯到1970年代早期，科学家侦测到电子与正子的湮灭反应。

The traps hold the positrons very securely: after an hour, an insignificant number of them are lost.

正子很安全的放在阱里：即使过了一个小时，也只有极少数会漏失。

Their new findings suggest these positrons originate mainly from stars getting devoured by black holes and neutron stars.

他们的新发现表明这些质子主要是在恒星被黑洞和中子星吞噬的过程中产生。