alleles

Homozygote (homozygous) --- An individual or genotype with identical alleles at a given locus on a pair of homologous chromosomes.

在二倍体生物中，一对同源染色体上特定的基因座上有两个相同的等位基因的个体或细胞。

Furthermore, some characters were found to be associated with two or more polymorphic alleles, nearby in the same linkage group.

此外，还发现有一个性状与同一连锁群相隔很近的多个多态性位点关联的情况。

Genetic studies of cancer susceptibility have shown that most heritable risk cannot be explained by the main effects of common alleles.

癌症易感基因的研究表明，大部分来自于遗传的风险不能由共同等位基因的主要影响解释。

All of these recessive mutations, which are considered to be null alleles, exhibit defects in internode elongation.

被认为是无效等位基因的这些隐性突变都存在节间伸长缺陷。

Allelic heterogeneity --- In a population, there may be a number of different mutant alleles at a single locus.

等位基因异质性：一个基因有多种突变，孕育发生多种异常表型的现象。

Regardless of the taxonomic status of these populations, adaptive alleles may have introgressed from archaic populations into modern humans.

不论其分类地位的这些人口，自适应等位基因可能已经渗入从过时的人口融入现代人类。

Backcross breeding is a useful method to transfer favorable alleles from a donor parent into a recipient parent.

回交育种是把有利基因从供体亲本向受体亲本转移的一种有效方法，标记辅助选择可加速其进程。

a person with a pair of dissimilar alleles is a heterozygote.

如带有两个不相同的等位基因，则为杂合子。

Mining useful alleles is one of the main activities in plant breeding.

发掘和利用优异基因是植物育种的主要内容。

People have two versions (known as alleles) of each gene, one from each parent.

人有两种基因（等位基因），分别来自父母。

Homozygous - When the two alleles of a gene on the two sets of chromosomes of an individual are identical.

纯-当两个等位基因的基因对两套染色体个人都是相同的。

In an individual, the same or similar phenotypes may be caused by different mutant alleles rather than by identical alleles at the locus.

个体不异或相是的表型，多是由不同的突变等位基因导致，而非同一基因座的不异等位基因。

Specific alleles at HLA loci are associated with diseases, often those suspected to be of autoimmune aetiology.

在抗原位点特异等位基因都与疾病，往往被怀疑为自身免疫性病因。

Moreover, population genetics studies suggest that some derived alleles that protect against common diseases became advantageous recently.

此外，群体遗传学研究表明，一些源性等位基因的防范常见的疾病最近成为有利。

These different versions of each marker, called alleles, correspond to different versions of nearby genes.

每个标记的这些不同形式称作对偶基因，与附近不同形式的基因相对应。

There is an association between certain alleles and the clinical form of the disease.

某个等位基因和疾病的临床形式之间有联系。

RESULTS: The phenotype frequencies of HLA-DPB1 alleles of patients and control have no significant difference.

结果：两者的HLA-DPB1等位基因表现型频率差异均无显著性。

Linking SNP identities to the two HTT alleles, normal and disease-causing, is a prerequisite for allele-specific RNA interference.

单核苷酸多态性的身份联系起来的两个高温热处理等位基因，正常和致病，是一个先决条件等位基因特异性RNA干扰。

Linkage disequilibrium (LD)-based association analysis is an effective approach to find new genes and favorable alleles.

基于连锁不平衡（LD）的关联分析是基因发掘也是等位基因发掘的有效途径。

Mendel'swork found that alleles assort independently in the production ofgametes, or germ cells, ensuring variation in the next generation.

孟德尔的工作发现，等位基因分类独立生产配子，或生殖细胞，确保变异下一代。